Start With the Carton, Not the Sketch

Wholesale canvas zipper portfolios for craft fairs are broad, flat, semi-structured goods. They win or lose on simple details: clean panels, a zipper that moves smoothly, and branding that arrives without rub marks. For that reason, the carton packing plan belongs in the product specification from the first RFQ. It should not be left as a warehouse decision after sewing is finished. A loose sample can look perfectly acceptable, then fail after compression because a zipper puller rests on the printed face, cartons are packed too tightly, or stacks shift during courier handling.

Craft fair orders often move against fixed event dates. They may ship to one warehouse, several fair locations, a distributor, or a kit assembler. The same portfolio might be sold at a booth, handed to vendors with setup documents, used for buyer registration, or bundled with catalogs and order forms. Each use changes the sourcing brief. A resale item needs better surface protection. A vendor kit needs easy loading. A multi-location shipment needs stronger carton labeling and lower damage tolerance. Procurement should decide those points before price comparison begins.

The first quote round should connect finished size, fabric thickness, zipper hardware, logo location, inner protection, carton quantity, and shipping route. If a supplier gives only a unit price, the quote is not complete enough for landed-cost comparison. Flat goods are especially sensitive to carton dimensions. A small increase in portfolio size, a heavier canvas, or a thicker puller can push the carton into a higher CBM or less efficient handling format.

  • Define the portfolio role: resale item, vendor kit, buyer document holder, registration pack, giveaway, or bundle packaging.
  • Share the largest insert size, total insert thickness, and whether contents are loaded before shipment or after arrival.
  • State the shipping route: courier, LCL sea freight, FCL floor-loaded container, palletized delivery, or consolidation.
  • Set carton limits for gross weight, dimensions, board grade, carton marks, and handling requirements before approving pieces per carton.
  • Ask the supplier to quote product construction and packing method together so a low unit price does not hide weak export packing.

Specify Canvas by Weight, Finish, and Defect Standard

Canvas weight affects almost every buying decision: handfeel, sewing stability, print behavior, unit weight, carton compression, and how well the panel recovers after unpacking. A 12 oz cotton canvas can work for a light promotional folder, but it may feel soft and crease more easily in a tight carton. A 14 oz canvas, often around 475 GSM depending on yarn and finishing, is a practical middle ground for many craft fair programs. It balances cost, printability, body, and carton weight. A 16 oz canvas, often around 540 GSM, gives a stronger retail feel and flatter presentation, but it also increases sewing resistance, needle wear, unit weight, and gross weight per carton.

Use both oz/yd² and GSM in the specification. Suppliers may describe the same fabric family in different weight systems, and the mismatch can lead to a portfolio that feels thinner than expected. Also identify the finish: natural, bleached, dyed, washed, coated, enzyme treated, or another agreed option. Natural cotton canvas is popular for maker and craft positioning, but natural should not mean uncontrolled. Seed flecks and minor yarn variation can be acceptable when approved in the swatch. Oil marks, mildew, dark streaks, heavy slubs on the front panel, and obvious panel-to-panel shade variation should not pass as character.

Dyed canvas gives tighter brand color direction, but it adds lab-dip approval, fabric MOQ, and shade-control risk. Washed canvas creates a softer look, though it may change shrinkage and finished dimensions. If washing or heavy finishing is required, ask when cutting happens and request shrinkage information. For carton-ready zipper portfolios with precise branding, untreated or lightly finished canvas is usually easier to control than a heavily washed fabric.

  • Use 12 oz only for cost-sensitive or light-duty programs where softer body is acceptable.
  • Use 14 oz for balanced wholesale cost, printability, sewing efficiency, and normal carton recovery.
  • Use 16 oz for premium presentation, heavier inserts, and stronger handfeel, while monitoring carton gross weight.
  • Approve a fabric swatch with the signed sample and state acceptable natural fleck level in writing.
  • Require written approval before fabric substitution, even when the supplier says the replacement is equivalent.

Size Around Real Craft Fair Contents

One common sourcing mistake is asking for an A4 or letter-size canvas zipper portfolio without showing what will actually go inside. A4 paper, US letter sheets, artist prints, order forms, vendor contracts, product cards, badges, envelopes, catalogs, and wristbands all load differently. If the portfolio is part of a vendor kit, staff may add a pen, event pass, coupon sheet, or small sample. The factory needs the largest insert size and approximate insert thickness to calculate the finished external size, usable internal size, zipper opening length, seam allowance, and pocket placement.

The zipper opening should feel comfortable, not merely possible. When the opening is tight, users force the contents into the bag. That creates bent paper corners, zipper-end stress, puckered seams, and more complaints after event setup. For many document-style portfolios, 15-20 mm clearance around the largest paper insert is a good starting point. Add more clearance for catalogs, thick packets, pen loops, or contents loaded before shipment. Do not oversize without reason, though. Flat portfolios increase carton dimensions quickly, and larger cartons can add freight, storage, and handling cost.

Long-edge zipper access is usually better for documents and prints because contents slide in without bending. Short-edge access can work for narrow kits, small stationery bundles, or designs intended to stand vertically, but it is less convenient for catalogs and flat artwork. If there is an inner slip pocket, it should support the same loading direction as the main zipper. The simplest sample test is still the best: load the real insert set, close the zipper 30 times, and inspect the corners and zipper ends.

  • Provide insert dimensions in millimeters and inches to prevent regional interpretation errors.
  • Confirm finished external size, usable internal size, zipper opening length, inner pocket size, and seam allowance separately.
  • Choose long-edge zipper access for most paper, catalog, and print programs unless the use case clearly favors short-edge loading.
  • Test the sample with real contents and total insert thickness, not only with one sheet of paper.
  • Avoid unnecessary oversizing because flat-goods carton dimensions and landed freight cost rise quickly.

Define Zipper Construction Before Price Comparison

Two suppliers can both quote a canvas zipper portfolio while using very different zipper components. Nylon coil size 5 is often the safest mass-production choice for flat canvas document portfolios. It is flexible, smooth, reasonably light, and more tolerant of carton compression than rigid teeth. Metal zippers can look premium, but they add weight and may mark the front panel or print if the hardware is not isolated in the stack. Resin zippers can work for some designs, but buyers should confirm flexibility, slider stability, and visual grade against the approved sample.

The highest-risk area is usually the zipper end. Craft fair staff and customers often pull quickly to the stop. Without reinforced fabric tabs, enough seam allowance, and secure bartack or lock-stitch construction, the stop can fail even when the rest of the sewing looks neat. The RFQ should state tooth type, zipper size, tape color, slider finish, puller style, zipper length, opening direction, and end reinforcement. If a branded puller is required, separate mold cost, plating, MOQ, and lead time from the standard portfolio cost.

Zipper tape color also changes both appearance and risk. Black tape on natural canvas gives contrast and hides handling dirt. Beige or natural tape creates a softer look but can show stains and shade mismatch. Custom dyed zipper tape improves brand matching but usually increases MOQ and lead time. During sample review, test zipper smoothness with the intended contents inside the portfolio. An empty sample may zip cleanly, while a loaded one may catch fabric or strain at the corners.

  • Specify nylon coil, resin, or metal instead of writing only zipper in the RFQ.
  • Use size 5 nylon coil for most flat document portfolios when smooth function and compression tolerance are priorities.
  • Define tape color, slider finish, puller material, puller length, zipper direction, and end reinforcement.
  • Avoid very small pullers for portfolios opened repeatedly by booth staff, buyers, or customers.
  • Include zipper cycle testing in QC rather than relying on visual inspection alone.

Match Branding to Canvas Texture and Packing Contact

Screen printing is usually the most practical logo method for solid craft fair branding on canvas zipper portfolios. It works well for one to three solid colors, keeps wholesale cost manageable, and can look clean on natural canvas when mesh, ink deposit, and curing are controlled. Ask the supplier to confirm ink type, curing method, print size, and whether the canvas surface needs pretreatment. Coarse canvas can absorb ink unevenly. Heavy ink coverage needs enough cure time before tight carton packing.

Heat transfer is useful for gradients, photographic artwork, or small details, but the film edge and handfeel may not suit every maker brand. Embroidery can look premium, yet it adds backing, needle marks, panel distortion, and thread-color control. Woven labels are a good low-rub option when subtle reusable branding matters more than large artwork. The right choice depends on artwork complexity, order quantity, resale price, carton contact, and how quickly the goods must be unpacked at the fair.

Logo placement should avoid pressure points. A print placed directly under a zipper puller, too close to a bulky seam, or at a carton friction point is more likely to show marks. Where the design allows, keep front-panel artwork at least 20-30 mm away from seams, zipper puller parking areas, and heavy compression zones. Approve a physical sample with the actual logo process. Digital mockups cannot show ink absorption, edge sharpness, handfeel, rub behavior, or pressure marks.

  • Use screen print for solid 1-3 color logos and require curing before tight packing.
  • Use heat transfer only after approving film edge, handfeel, adhesion, and rub behavior on canvas.
  • Use woven labels when subtle branding and lower front-panel rub risk are more important than large artwork.
  • Measure logo placement from fixed seams and set a normal visible-branding tolerance such as ±3 mm.
  • Require tape pull, dry rub, and stack-contact checks for dark or large printed areas.

Separate MOQ by Component, Not Just Finished Units

MOQ for wholesale canvas zipper portfolios is not only a sewing-line number. It depends on fabric availability, zipper tape color, logo process, label type, puller style, inner pocket construction, carton dimensions, and whether those parts are stock or special order. Standard natural canvas with black or natural zipper tape may support lower ordering, often in a 300-500 piece planning range depending on the supplier setup. Custom dyed canvas, custom zipper tape, branded metal pullers, special lining, woven labels, or custom cartons can move the practical MOQ to 1,000 pieces or more.

Procurement teams get better results by simplifying custom components before pushing for an unrealistic MOQ. For a first craft fair program, stock canvas and standard zipper colors often reduce risk and free budget for better zipper ends, clean branding, and protective packing. If brand color is critical, build the schedule around lab dips, bulk shade review, and fabric MOQ. Forcing custom materials into a small order can lead to mixed lots, shade variation, or last-minute substitution.

Ask suppliers to separate sample MOQ, production MOQ, component MOQ, and reorder assumptions. A factory may accept 300 pieces for sewing but still need to purchase a full fabric roll, a minimum zipper tape lot, or a minimum woven-label batch. Carton suppliers may also set minimums for nonstandard dimensions. If repeat orders are likely, ask which components can remain stable and which may vary by lot. This protects item consistency across reorders.

  • Separate finished-goods MOQ from fabric MOQ, zipper MOQ, label MOQ, puller MOQ, and carton MOQ.
  • Ask whether the quote assumes stock canvas, stock zipper tape, standard labels, and existing carton dimensions.
  • Treat unusually low MOQ for custom materials as a substitution or mixed-lot risk until explained.
  • Request written approval for any change in canvas shade, zipper tape, puller, label, or carton specification.
  • Keep first-order customization focused on high-value details until sell-through and reorder volume are proven.

Build a Carton Packing Plan for Flat Panels

A useful carton plan starts with the finished product size, product thickness, zipper hardware, print location, inner protection, and shipping route. Flat packing is normally preferred because the portfolio is supposed to open as a clean panel. Folding may reduce carton length, but it can leave permanent creases, distort the zipper line, and damage the printed area. For retail, distributor, and branded vendor-kit programs, flat cartons with controlled stack height are usually worth the added volume.

The carton should be full enough to prevent sliding, but not so tight that it bends hardware, crushes the canvas grain, or requires force to close. For many document-size canvas zipper portfolios, 20-40 pieces per carton is a practical planning range. The final number must come from a physical sample stack. A 16 oz portfolio with a slip pocket and metal puller stacks very differently from a 14 oz unlined style with a nylon coil zipper. Any carton quantity quoted before sample thickness is confirmed should be treated as an estimate.

Protection should match the route and the branding risk. Paper interleaving may be enough for light screen prints and palletized shipments. Tissue or kraft interleaving is safer for large logos, dark prints, or face-to-face stacking. Individual polybags protect against dirt and support barcode labeling, but they add cost, plastic use, unpacking labor, and possible trapped-moisture risk if goods are packed too soon. Top and bottom sheets help when cartons move by courier, floor-loaded container, or mixed consolidation.

  • Pack printed faces in a controlled direction so logos do not rest against zipper pullers or rough seams.
  • Use paper interleaving when print areas are large, dark, recently cured, or packed face-to-face under pressure.
  • Reject carton plans that require force to close because the product is already over-compressed.
  • Use 5-ply export cartons for sea freight, courier networks, or mixed consolidation.
  • Keep carton gross weight commonly below 18-20 kg unless heavier handling is approved with suitable board strength.
  • Confirm carton marks include PO number, item code, quantity, gross weight, net weight, carton size, destination, and carton count.

Approve Samples With Packed-Stack Evidence

A loose sample can pass a design review and still fail in the carton. The pre-production sample should use bulk or bulk-equivalent canvas, the intended zipper, actual logo process, inner pocket construction, labels, finishing, and planned packing method. If the sample uses substitute fabric or a non-bulk zipper, the supplier should disclose that in writing. Do not approve final handfeel, shade, zipper smoothness, or print quality from substitute materials unless the risk is intentional and documented.

For carton-sensitive products, request a small packed sample set, a half-carton stack, or detailed packing photos before mass packing. This evidence shows whether the printed face touches hardware, whether the stack leans, whether carton height is realistic, and whether the planned pieces per carton creates pressure marks. If cartons will be split by courier to multiple craft fair sites, inner protection matters more than it might for palletized warehouse delivery.

Sample review should simulate real use, not only presentation. Load the portfolio with intended inserts, open and close the zipper repeatedly, stack several units, and leave them compressed overnight under moderate pressure. Then check panel recovery, logo rub or transfer, zipper waviness, and corner stress. Approval comments should be measurable: move logo 8 mm upward, increase zipper opening by 15 mm, reduce loose thread limit to 3 mm, add kraft interleaving, or reduce carton quantity by 5 pieces.

  • Measure finished width, height, zipper opening, inner pocket size, seam allowance, and logo placement.
  • Photograph logo placement with a ruler from two fixed reference points such as bottom seam and side seam.
  • Test zipper function with the intended insert thickness, not only on an empty portfolio.
  • Check compressed stacks for creases, ink transfer, zipper puller marks, panel waviness, and recovery.
  • Keep one signed approval sample with the factory and one with the buyer, inspector, or receiving team.
  • Record acceptable natural canvas character so QC does not reject approved seed flecks or minor yarn variation.

Set QC Standards Before Cutting Starts

Quality control is easier when standards are agreed before production begins. For canvas zipper portfolios, QC should cover dimensions, fabric appearance, logo position, zipper function, zipper end strength, seam quality, inner pocket usability, trimming cleanliness, carton quantity, and carton condition. If the buyer uses third-party inspection, define AQL level and defect categories. If inspection is factory-led, still require a written checklist and photo evidence so shipment release is not based on a few top-carton samples.

Inline inspection matters because repeated defects become expensive after printing, sewing, and packing. Check first finished pieces for size drift, zipper smoothness, logo placement, seam bulk, and pocket usability. If panels are printed before sewing, confirm orientation and placement before the full fabric batch is printed. If the zipper line is wavy or end tabs are weak in early output, the sewing setup should be corrected before the issue repeats across the order.

Final inspection should sample cartons from the top, middle, and bottom of the packed stack. Carton compression and packing errors may not appear in loose samples. Defect definitions also need to be practical. A small approved seed fleck may be acceptable; an oil mark on the logo panel is not. A short loose thread may be trimmed; skipped stitches at a zipper end are a functional defect. A carton with minor edge rub may pass; a bulging carton, wrong count, wet carton, or mismatched carton mark should be corrected before release.

  • Use finished size tolerance such as ±5 mm unless tighter control is necessary and agreed.
  • Use logo placement tolerance such as ±3 mm for visible front branding measured from fixed seams.
  • Test sampled zippers for at least 30 open-close cycles with no catching, splitting, jamming, or weak end stops.
  • Check print adhesion with tape pull and dry rub after curing, especially for dark or large artwork.
  • Inspect carton quantity, stack direction, interleaving, gross weight, carton marks, and carton bulging.
  • Document corrective actions before balance payment when repeated functional or packing defects are found.

Compare Quotes by Landed Cost, Not Unit Price

A low unit price can become expensive when carton size, gross weight, inner packing, or component charges are unclear. For wholesale canvas zipper portfolios for craft fairs, buyers need enough data to estimate landed cost before choosing a supplier. Required data includes unit price, sample charge, logo setup, tooling or mold cost, pieces per carton, carton dimensions, gross weight, net weight, total CBM, inner packing method, carton board grade, Incoterm, export port, production lead time, and inspection assumptions.

Compare quotations on the same specification. One supplier may quote 14 oz canvas, no interleaving, 40 pieces per carton, and a generic zipper. Another may quote 16 oz canvas, reinforced zipper ends, paper interleaving, and 30 pieces per carton. The second quote may look higher, but it may reduce receiving damage and complaint risk. Ask suppliers to price specific options one at a time instead of changing several variables in the same revision. That makes the value of each upgrade easier to judge.

For craft fair programs, timeline is part of landed cost. Late goods may force air freight, rushed local repacking, or event compromises. Build the schedule backward from the setup date, not only the public opening date. Include artwork approval, material booking, pre-production sample, sample revision, print curing, inline inspection, final inspection, carton correction, export release, and domestic delivery. A quote without a realistic schedule is incomplete for event-driven procurement.

  • Request price lines for product, logo setup, custom tooling, inner packing, export carton, labels, palletizing, and documentation.
  • Require carton dimensions, pieces per carton, gross weight, net weight, and total CBM for freight comparison.
  • Ask for Incoterm, port, cargo-ready date, sample lead time, production lead time, and inspection timing.
  • Compare quotes only after fabric weight, zipper grade, logo method, and packing method are aligned.
  • Build contingency for sample revision, print curing, and carton correction on first orders or new designs.

Specification comparison for buyers

Spec decisionRecommended procurement controlTypical working rangeBuyer risk to check
Canvas body weightState both oz/yd² and GSM, fabric finish, color, and whether natural seed flecks are acceptable14-16 oz cotton canvas, approximately 475-540 GSM depending on construction and finishingLow GSM fabric may collapse in cartons, show zipper waves, feel promotional rather than retail, or expose print unevenness
Finished sizeSpecify external size, usable internal size, zipper opening length, and clearance around real insertsA4 or US letter plus 15-20 mm clearance per side for paper-only sets; more for catalogs or pensTight sizing causes bent corners, zipper-end stress, difficult loading, and higher complaint rates after event packing
Zipper typeDefine tooth type, zipper size, tape color, slider finish, puller style, end tabs, and opening directionSize 5 nylon coil zipper for most flat document portfoliosWeak stops, poor slider quality, short pullers, or unreinforced ends create functional defects not visible in basic photos
Logo processMatch artwork to canvas texture and carton contact; approve physical print from bulk-equivalent fabricScreen print for 1-3 solid colors; heat transfer for gradients; woven label for low-rub brandingPoor curing, thick ink, placement under puller pressure, or face-to-face packing can cause cracking or transfer
Inner organizationKeep structure simple unless resale price and MOQ justify extra sewing operationsOne slip pocket plus optional pen loop; lining only for premium programsExtra pockets add seam bulk, needle marks, size variability, inspection points, and carton thickness variation
Packing orientationSpecify stack direction, logo protection, hardware position, and whether units are individually packedFlat pack, direction-controlled, 20-40 pcs per carton after sample thickness confirmationOverpacking causes panel creases, zipper pressure marks, carton bulging, and rejected receiving condition
Export cartonDefine board grade, carton dimensions, gross weight target, carton marks, and stacking limits5-ply export carton; keep manual-handling gross weight commonly below 18-20 kgWeak cartons crush in LCL/courier handling; heavy cartons increase warehouse injury and damage risk
MOQ basisSeparate finished-goods MOQ from component MOQ for fabric, zipper, labels, pullers, and cartons300-500 pcs may be workable for stock canvas and standard zipper; 1,000+ pcs for custom dyed partsLow MOQ may rely on substituted fabric, mixed zipper lots, nonstandard carton size, or unapproved shade variation
Sample approvalApprove pre-production sample and packed-stack evidence before mass packingBulk-equivalent fabric, actual zipper, actual logo process, intended interleaving or polybag methodLoose sample approval misses carton compression, print contact, zipper puller marks, and true CBM

Buyer checklist before sampling

  1. Define the portfolio use: retail resale, vendor welcome kit, buyer document holder, registration pack, branded giveaway, or packaging component for craft fair merchandise.
  2. Measure actual contents before sizing: largest paper insert, catalog thickness, card sets, booth passes, envelopes, pens, badges, and whether items are inserted before shipment.
  3. Specify finished external size, usable internal size, zipper opening length, seam allowance target, and whether long-edge or short-edge zipper access is required.
  4. State canvas weight in oz/yd² and GSM, fabric finish, color, shrinkage expectation, acceptable seed fleck level, and unacceptable defects such as oil marks, mildew, dark streaks, or heavy slubs.
  5. Define zipper construction: nylon coil/resin/metal, zipper size, tape color, slider finish, puller style, zipper direction, end reinforcement, and minimum inspection cycle test.
  6. Lock logo method, artwork size, Pantone or digital reference, print curing expectation, logo placement from fixed seams, and acceptable placement tolerance.
  7. Confirm inner features such as slip pocket, pen loop, lining, label position, and any reinforcement so the supplier does not quote a simplified construction.
  8. Require packing details in the quotation: pieces per carton, carton dimensions, gross weight, net weight, CBM, board grade, interleaving, polybag option, stack direction, and carton marks.
  9. Approve a pre-production sample and packed-stack evidence before mass production packing, especially when using dark prints, metal pullers, heavy canvas, or courier distribution.
  10. Set measurable QC tolerances for size, logo placement, fabric shade, zipper function, seam cleanliness, print adhesion, loose thread length, carton weight, carton condition, and carton count.

Factory quote questions to send

  1. What exact canvas is included in the price: oz/yd², GSM, yarn construction if available, fabric width, finish, shrinkage control, color, and whether the fabric is greige, natural, bleached, dyed, washed, or coated?
  2. Is the quoted zipper nylon coil, resin, or metal, and what zipper size, tape color, slider finish, puller material, puller length, zipper length, opening direction, and end reinforcement are included?
  3. Does the MOQ apply to the exact requested fabric, zipper tape color, logo process, inner structure, label, and carton packing plan, or only to a generic canvas zipper portfolio?
  4. Can the pre-production sample be made from bulk or bulk-equivalent material with the actual logo process and intended packing method, and how many working days are required after artwork approval?
  5. Which charges are outside the unit price: screen setup, digital film, heat-transfer plate, embroidery tape, woven label mold, branded puller mold, zipper tape dyeing, carton die, barcode label, or color matching?
  6. How many pieces are planned per carton, what are the carton dimensions, what board grade is used, and what gross weight, net weight, and CBM should be used for freight quoting?
  7. Will printed faces be protected by tissue, kraft paper, paper interleaving, individual polybags, direction-controlled stacking, top and bottom sheets, or no inner protection, and what is the cost impact of each option?
  8. What inspection records can be supplied for finished size, zipper cycle test, print adhesion, seam strength, fabric defects, carton count, carton condition, carton marks, and needle detection if required?
  9. What lead time applies after deposit and sample approval, and which components are the longest lead items if the program is linked to a fixed craft fair setup date?
  10. What are the quote assumptions for Incoterm, export port, destination, carton marks, barcode labels, pallet requirement, split shipment, packing list format, and distributor receiving rules?

Quality-control points to confirm

  1. Finished size should normally be controlled within ±5 mm for document portfolios; tighter tolerances require stronger cutting control and should be priced and agreed before production.
  2. Usable internal size and zipper opening length should be checked with the intended insert set, not only by measuring the outside panel.
  3. Logo placement for visible front branding should normally stay within ±3 mm from the approved sample, measured from fixed seams or construction points rather than only from soft fabric edges.
  4. Zipper should open and close smoothly for at least 30 manual cycles on sampled units without catching fabric, splitting, jamming, twisting tape, loosening the end stop, or pulling out end tabs.
  5. Zipper end reinforcement should show secure stitching, no skipped stitches, no exposed raw edge at the stress point, and no loose thread that can enter the slider path.
  6. Screen print should pass a simple tape pull and dry rub check after curing; large dark prints should also be checked after stack compression or carton contact simulation.
  7. Canvas shade should be compared under consistent light against the approved swatch; natural seed flecks may be acceptable only if approved, while oil stains, mildew, dark streaks, and heavy color panels should be rejected.
  8. Seam allowance, zipper topstitching, bartacks, and pocket stitching should be consistent, with no broken thread, needle damage, seam slippage, or loose threads beyond the agreed limit.
  9. Inner pockets and pen loops should be checked with intended contents so they remain usable after sewing shrinkage and do not distort the outside front panel.
  10. Carton gross weight should normally remain below 18-20 kg for manual handling unless heavier warehouse handling is approved in writing with suitable carton strength.